Massachusetts State Life Insurance Practice Exam

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What does it mean if an insurance contract is characterized as 'unilateral'?

  1. Both parties are equally obligated

  2. Only one party is bound to fulfill their obligations

  3. Both parties enter with equal risk and responsibility

  4. It is non-binding until both parties agree

The correct answer is: Only one party is bound to fulfill their obligations

A unilateral insurance contract means that only one party, typically the insurer, is obligated to fulfill their part of the agreement. In this context, the insurer promises to pay out a benefit, such as a death benefit or a claim payment, upon the occurrence of a specified event in exchange for the policyholder’s premium payments. The policyholder, on the other hand, is not legally required to continue making payments after the contract is signed; they can choose to stop paying premiums without facing legal repercussions. This nature of unilateral contracts is significant because it creates a binding obligation on one side, which is the hallmark of such agreements. The insurer's obligation to pay benefits arises solely from the contract, and while the insured agrees to pay premiums, that obligation is contingent upon their decision to maintain the policy.